Burn and dodge

Above shows an example of the 'burn' and 'dodge' effect that I did on Photoshop. All that this tool does is lighten or darken areas or the image. The tools are based on a traditional darkroom technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print. Photographers hold a back light to lighten an area on the print is called 'dodging' and to increase the exposure to darken areas on a print is called burning. The more you paint over an area with the dodge or burn tool, the lighter or darker it becomes. 

Applying the Dodge tool or Burn tool to the background layer permanently alters the image information. To edit your images non-destructively, work on a duplicate layer. 

Step 1 

Select the Dodge tool  or the Burn tool.

Step 2 

Choose a brush tip and set brush options in the options bar.

Step 3

In the options bar, select one of the following from the Range menu:

Midtones: Changes the middle range of grays

Shadows: Changes the dark areas

Highlights: Changes the light areas

Step 4 

Specify the exposure for the Dodge tool or the Burn tool.

Step 5 

Click the airbrush button  to use the brush as an airbrush. Alternatively, select the Airbrush option in the Brush panel.

Step 6 

Select the Protect Tones option to minimize clipping in the shadows and highlights. This option also tries to keep colors from shifting hue.

Step 7 

Drag over the part of the image you want to lighten or darken and you're done.